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S9086-CQ-STM-010REVISION 5NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUALCHAPTER 081WATERBORNE UNDERWATERHULL CLEANING OF NAVYSHIPSTHIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 081 DATED 01 APR .DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release and sale; its distribution isunlimited.PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND01 OCT TITLE-1 / (TITLE-2 @@

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S9086-CQ-STM-010REVISION RECORDREVISIONNO.DATE51 OCT TITLE AND/OR BRIEF DESCRIPTION/PREPARING ACTIVITYPARAGRAPH(S) 081-1.1.1, 081-1.2.2, 081-1.4.1, 081-2.1.1.1, 081-2.3.1, 081-2.4,081-2.6, 081-2.7, 081-2.8, 081-2.9, 3, 4 AND 5TABLE(S) 081-3-1 AND 081-3-2FIGURE(S) 081-1-2 (SH1), 081-4-1 (SH 1) AND 081-4-1 (SH 2)TMDERS/ACNS INCORPORATED:REVISION RECORD-1 / (REVISION RECORD-2 Blank)

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S9086-CQ-STM-010TABLE OF CONTENTSChapter/Paragraph081SECTION 1PageWATERBORNE UNDERWATER HULL CLEANING OF NAVY SHIPS. . . .1-1GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1081-1.1 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-1.1.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .080-1.1.2 ENERGY SAVINGS. . . . . . . . . .081-1.1.3 ENHANCED SONAR EFFICIENCY.081-1.1.4 REDUCED SHIP SELF-NOISE. . . .081-1.1.5 EXTENDED PAINT SERVICE LIFE.081-1.1.6 CORROSION CONTROL. . . . . . .1-11-11-11-11-11-11-1081-1.2 PROGRESSIVE FOULING PATTERNS . . . . . . .081-1.2.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-1.2.2 TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF FOULING.081-1.2.2.1 SOFT FOULING. . . . . . . . .081-1.2.2.2 HARD FOULING. . . . . . . -1.2.2.2.3CALCAREOUS081-1.2.2.3 COMPOSITE FOULING. . . . .081-1.2.3 FOULING RATING (FR). . . . . . . . . . .081-1.2.4 FOULING RATING (FR) SCALE. . . . . .081-1.2.5 FOULING PERCENTAGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DEPOSITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21-21-21-21-21-21-21-21-21-31-31-3081-1.3 FOULING CRITICAL SURFACES . . . . . . . . .081-1.3.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-1.3.2 PROPUSORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-1.3.3 SONAR DOMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-1.3.4 DOCKING BLOCK BEARING SURFACES.081-1.3.5 SEA CHESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-1.3.6 MASKER EMITTER BELTS. . . . . . . . .081-1.3.7 PROPULSION SHAFTS. . . . . . . . . . . .1-31-31-31-31-31-41-41-4081-1.4PAINT DETERIORATION RATING (PDR) SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5SECTION 2CLEANING GUIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1. . . .081-2.1 CLEANING INTERVAL CRITERIA AND SCHEDULING . . . . . . .081-2.1.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-2.1.2 SCHEDULED DRYDOCKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-2.1.3 PARTIAL VS. COMPLETE CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . . . .081-2.1.4 ABLATIVE AND SELF-POLISHING ANTIFOULING PAINTS.081-2.1.5 FOULING RELEASE COATING SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . .081-2.1.6 SHIP PERFORMANCE INDICATORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-2.1.7 DIVER INSPECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12-12-22-22-22-32-32-3i

S9086-CQ-STM-010TABLE OF CONTENTS - EANING ASSESSMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HULL PROTECTION SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-2.2 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . .081-2.2.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . .081-2.2.2 SURVEY PLAN. . . . . . . .081-2.2.3 UNDERWATER TELEVISION081-2.2.4 PHOTOGRAPHY. . . . . . . .081-2.2.5 WATER CONDITIONS. . . .2-42-42-62-92-102-10081-2.3CRITERIA FOR A CLEAN HULL SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10081-2.4CRITERIA FOR A CLEANED PROPULSOR SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11081-2.5CRITERIA FOR A CLEANED PROPULSION SHAFT SURFACE . . . . . . . . . .2-11081-2.6CRITERIA FOR A CLEANED SONAR DOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12081-2.7CRITERIA FOR A CLEANED MASKER AIR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12081-2.8CRITERIA FOR A CLEANED SEA CHEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12081-2.9CRITERIA FOR A CLEANED PRAIRIE FIN STABILZER SYSTEM . . . . . . . .2-12SECTION 3OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1081-3.1GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1081-3.2PREPARATION3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3 CLEANING GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.1 HULL CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM CLEANING . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.3 PROPULSOR CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.3.2 CLEANING TECHNIQUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.3.3 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL SELECTION . . . . . .081-3.3.3.4 UNPAINTED PROPULSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.3.5 PAINTED PROPULSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.3.6 UNPAINTED PORTION OF A DUCTED PROPULSORS081-3.3.3.7 PAINTED PORTION OF A DUCTED PROPULSORS .081-3.3.4 SONAR SYSTEMS CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.5 MASKER AIR EMITTER BELT CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.5.5.1Flow Check Using Fresh Water. . . . .081-3.3.5.5.2Flow Check Using Bleed Air. . . . . . .081-3.3.6 HUB MASKER AIR EMITTER CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.7 PRAIRIE EMITTER CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-3.3.8 SEA CHEST CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-153-163-163-163-173-18

S9086-CQ-STM-010TABLE OF CONTENTS - 81-3.3.11081-3.3.12.3-183-183-18.3-183-19HULL CLEANING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1AVAILABLE CLEANING METHODS4-1081-3.3.13SECTION 4081-4.1SUBMARINE SPECIAL HULL TREATMENT (SHT) CLEANING. . . .WOOD AND FIBERGLASS HULL COATINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .FIBERGLASS (GRP) COVERED PROPULSION SHAFTS. . . . . . . . .AUXILLARY PROPULSION UNITS AND SECONDARY PROPULSIONMOTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BOW THRUSTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2 CLEANING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.1 SINGLE BRUSH UNITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.2 MULTI-BRUSH UNITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.3 BRUSHES AND DISCS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.4 WATER JETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.4.1WATER JET GUNS. . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.4.2HYDROLANCES. . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.5 HAND-HELD TOOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.5.1HAND-HELD SCRAPERS. . . . . . . .081-4.2.1.5.2HAND-HELD ABRASIVE PADS. . . .081-4.2.1.5.3PROPELLER SURFACE ROUGHNESSCOMPARATOR SCALE. . . . . . . .4-14-14-14-14-34-34-34-44-44-44-4. . . .4-4. . . . . . . . . . .5-1GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1081-5.2 TEST REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-5.2.1 EFFECT ON THE UNDERLYING SURFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-5.2.2 EFFECTIVENESS IN REMOVING FOULING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15-15-1081-5.3 DOCUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . .081-5.3.1 TEST PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . .081-5.3.2 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION AND081-5.3.3 FOULING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .081-5.3.4 OPERATING PARAMETERS. . . .081-5.3.5 VISUAL INSPECTION. . . . . . .081-5.3.6 QUANTITATIVE INSPECTION. .5-15-15-15-25-25-25-2. . . . . . . . . . . .A-1SECTION 5081-5.1AEQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TESTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SPECIFICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report (TMDER). . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii

S9086-CQ-STM-010LIST OF TABLESTableivTitlePage081-1-1FOULING RATINGS (FR) IN ORDER OF INCREASING SEVERITY . . . . . . .1-4081-2-1OBSERVED HULL CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS. . . . . .2-5081-3-1CLEANING CRITERIA AND APPROVED EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3081-3-2PROPULSOR CLEANING MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9081-3-3MASKER AIR SYSTEM HULL ISOLATION VALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17

S9086-CQ-STM-010LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFigureTitlePage081-1-1 (SH1)FR-10, Over 30 Percent Of Area (Sheet 1 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6081-1-1 (SH2)FR-10, Over 100 Percent Of Area (Sheet 2 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6081-1-1 (SH3)FR-20, Over 80 Percent Of Area (Sheet 3 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7081-1-1 (SH4)FR-30, Over 40 Percent Of Area (Sheet 4 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7081-1-1 (SH5)FR-40, Over 20 Percent Of Area (Sheet 5 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8081-1-1 (SH6)FR-40, Over 30 Percent Of Area (Sheet 6 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-8081-1-1 (SH7)FR-40, Over 90 Percent Of Area (Sheet 7 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9081-1-1 (SH8)FR-50, Over 20 Percent Of Area (Sheet 8 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9081-1-1 (SH9)FR-50, Over 40 Percent Of Area (Sheet 9 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10081-1-1(SH10)FR-50, Over 100 Percent Of Area (Sheet 10 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10081-1-1(SH11)FR-60, Over 15 Percent Of Area (Sheet 11 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11081-1-1(SH12)FR-60, Over 20 Percent Of Area (Sheet 12 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11081-1-1(SH13)FR-60, Over 90 Percent Of Area (Sheet 13 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12081-1-1(SH14)FR-70, Over 20 Percent Of Area (Sheet 14 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12081-1-1(SH15)FR-70, Over 80 Percent Of Area (Sheet 15 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13081-1-1(SH16)FR-80, Over 60 Percent Of Area (Sheet 16 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13081-1-1.(SH17)FR-80, Over 80 Percent Of Area (Sheet 17 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14081-1-1(SH18)FR-80, Over 90 Percent Of Area (Sheet 18 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14081-1-1(SH19)FR-90, Over 90 Percent Of Area (Sheet 19 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15081-1-1(SH20)FR-90, Over 90 Percent Of Area (Sheet 20 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15081-1-1(SH21)FR-100, Over 50 Percent Of Area (Sheet 21 of 22).1-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v

S9086-CQ-STM-010LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - ContinuedFigureTitlePage081-1-1(SH22)FR-100, Over 100 Percent Of Area (Sheet 22 of 22). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16081-1-2 (SH1)Paint Deterioration Ratings (Sheet 1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17081-1-2 (SH2)Paint Deterioration Ratings (Sheet 2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -1 8081-2-1Running Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1081-2-2Example of Survey Plan for Surface Ships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8081-2-3Example of Survey Plan for Submarines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9081-3-1Bow-Mounted Sonar Dome Rubber Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14081-3-2Bow-Mounted Sonar Dome Rubber Window (NO-FOUL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15081-4-1 (SH 1)Typical Cleaning Equipment (Sheet 1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2081-4-1 (SH 2)Typical Cleaning Equipment (Sheet 2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3vi

S9086-CQ-STM-010CHAPTER 081WATERBORNE UNDERWATER HULL CLEANING OF NAVY SHIPSSECTION 1GENERAL INFORMATION081-1.1BACKGROUND081-1.1.1 GENERAL. Biological fouling of the underwater hull and appurtenances of surface ships and submarines can be removed mechanically between regularly scheduled drydockings to restore effectiveness of intactantifouling paint systems and the performance of various ship systems including; but not limited to, propulsion(e.g., propulsors, shafts), sonar and masker air. This chapter provides the criteria for evaluating fouling severity,antifouling/anticorrosive (AF/AC) coating system condition, thresholds for cleaning, and equipment and methodsto be used.081-1.1.1.1 Total ship performance and Fleet capability can be enhanced by waterborne cleaning and maintenance (in place of drydocking for cleaning). This practice increases ship availability and minimizes associatedcosts. Removal of fouling while the ship is waterborne can restore most, if not all, of the post-drydocking performance and economy of operation. Regular hull cleaning prevents calcareous fouling from progressing to apoint where fo