Colibacillosis F5+ group of E.coli Pili serogroups K99, K88, F41, 987P, F18. ST and LT enterotoxins Inadequate colostrum Sow agalactia Viruses, coccidia Clinical signs colibacillosis Nursing attempts by littermates Diarrhea- non odorous, non bloody
Shivering, cold Piling up Dehydration Differentiate: Septicemia Clostridium perfringens type C Coccidiosis Edema disease
Treatment of colibacillosis Intraperitoneal glucose, fluids Oral gentamicin, neomycin Provide supplemental food Feeding neonates
10 to 30% of body weight Gavage Mix whole milk with evaporated milk or cream Supplemental solid starter with plasma PROVIDE WATER Alkaline stool pH (>7.4) Prevention of colibacillosis Count teats/piglets-cross foster Cull sows with MMA, check sow diets Dietary changes Vaccinate
Commercial vaccines Autogenous bacterins Autocthonous vaccination Warmth, hygeine Delay iron injections Swine edema disease Sudden death or CNS signs in weaned piglets Fastest growing pigs Sporadic, and then endemic; 5 to 45% morbidity Etiology - enteric toxemic E. coli
Bacterium survives in moist crevices, water nipples High soy protein diet Swine edema disease E. coli F18+ secretes verotoxin VT2e Attaches to enterocyte receptors Enterocyte receptors unexpressed in sucklers Toxin absorbed produces edema 5 to 45% case attack rate Bacteria survive disinfection
Edema disease Signs Peracute form Found Dead Swelling around eyes Acute form
Squealing Circling or pivoting Convulsions Normothermic Facial and subcutaneous edema Diarrhea Management of Edema Disease
100% mortality- Treatment in ineffective Susceptibility of E. coli needed Food additive- Tetracycline, Spectinomycin, Mecadox Increase food fiber, decrease soy protein 20% oats in feed Autogenous bacterin Water based modified live vaccine Purchase F18+ resistant pigs
Fumigate, or disinfect with Quaternary ammonium, Clorox in waterers Transmissible Gastroenteritis(TGE) Acute epizootic disease of swine. Sows - acute fever, vomition, anorexia and agalactia, recovery in 4 to 5 days Piglets - Severe intractable diarrhea, dehydration. Acidic stool pH ~100% death losses in piglets; 0% losses in sows
TGE Facts Etiology = Corona virus 1 gene different from the respiratory corona virus of swine Labile at 72 C, stable at freezing Well managed herds Clinical course = 2 to 3 days Sows shed virus in milk for up to 2 weeks Infection becomes sporadic after initial outbreak More on TGE Villus denuded, and lactose unabsorbed Osmotic diarrhea, shortened intestinal villi
Immunity due to lactogenic IgA Vaccines stimulate IgG Birds, mice, rats, dogs, cats, veterinarians feed trucks can transmit Eliminate with test and eradicate, all in all out, MEW or SPF pig facility. TGE Lesions TGE Normal TGE
Coccidiosis Patency early in swine (1 to 3 weeks) Isospora suis 4 to 5 day life cycle in pigs. Oocysts infective by 12 hours in summer 20% mortality, sporadic infections Check all diarrheas Amprolium treatment
Farrowing crate sanitation with a fecal flotation critical Students: How would you differentiate: Colibacillosis from coccidiosis? Colibacillosis from edema disease? Edema disease from coccidiosis? Edema disease from Clostridium perfringens type C? Clostridium perfringens type
C Acute diarrhea and death< 1week of age 5 to 20% morbidity Sharp demarcation Infection from dam shortly after birth Jejunal proliferation Intestinal necrosis Fibrinous bloody diarrhea bad Peracute death (100%) Peritonitis Mass medicate with lincomicin or tiamulin good
Vaccinate sows; antiserum to piglets ugly Ascaris suum (roundworm) Thick shelled egg long lived in soil Development and 1 molt L2 in egg Ingested (native or worm) molts in small intestine Burrows goes to liver and molts
L3 Migrates to lungs (4 to 6 dy), coughed Swallowed, molts 2 x to adults Milk spots Hepatic fibrosis Lung lesions Sowschwitz Adult Ascarids
Normal pig Clinical signs ascarids Unthrifty Cough
Thumps Ascites Clay colored stool Worms in stool or vomitus Colic, obstipation, Jaundice Diagnosis and treatment of ascariasis Fecal egg count (>500 epg) Necropsy Treat L2s with pyrantel L3s in liver with fenbendazole
L3s in lung with FBZ or thiabendazole L4s in intestine with ivomec, pyrantel, fenbendazole, dichlorvos Adults with any of the above plus piperazine Prevention ascarids Worm and shampoo sows prior to
farrowing Wean piglets at 3 weeks of age Banminth Clean pens and pastures Q3 weeks Rotate pastures Q 3 weeks Trichuris suis Extremely common Pastured pigs 21 day scours (Post pasturing), non patent infections, cramping, bloody scours Mostly asymptomatic Direct life cycle
Atgard, fenbendazole Raise pigs on concrete Swine salmonellosis Common among feeder pigs Mixed source groups are particularly at risk 3 types: S. typhimurium type B -bloody scours, rectal strictures S. choleraesuis type C1-bloody scours secondary to Hog Cholera S. typhisuis type C2 -swine adapted granulomatous colitis and pneumonia
Clinical signs of swine salmonellosis Fever, purplish lividity Bloody scours Acute death Rectal stricture Pyogranulomatous colitis Treatment/management salmonellosis
Treat with Ceftiofur or Nuflor Segregate or euthanize affected pigs All in-All out, MEW, SPF, disinfect premises with bleach Autogenous bacterin Pot bellied pigs may be treated with amikacin, timentin. Lawsonia intracellularis Common small intestinal disease (96% herds positive) Swine, horses, late feeder period Syn = Proliferative enteropathy, necrotic
enteritis, regional ileitis, proliferative ileitis, proliferative enteritis Gram negative, obligate intracellular desulfovibrio family Lawsonia infection Infection at 2-3 wks, prolonged shed, growers adults affected, stress related Clinical forms Johnes like form of chronic wasting, hypoalbuminemia, and loose stool Acute fevers scours, with or without hematochezia. Mortality >10%.
Fever, anorexia and dark stool in adult swine Pathologic lesion = thickened intestine; PCR test diagnostic Treat with food tylosin or lincomycin Hosepipe gut Swine dysentery Highly contagious Feeders 6 to 8 weeks of age and adults Prevalent in California Large bowel infection by Serpulina
(Brachyspira) hyodysenteriae Intestinal anaerobes enhance disease Swine dysentery Serpulina survives in manure 6 to 8 wks @<30F, and for 1 to 2 hr >98F In dogs for months, birds, mice, and humans In pigs for years Clinical signs
Acute, fever, bloody scours Fibrinous casts Sepsis, purplish discoloration of the ears Exsanguination (15 to 50% mortality) Diagnosis swine dysentery Cecal scrapings darkfield - spiral shaped Pathologic lesions restricted to colon bacteria Victoria Blue R stains of
intestinal sections Differentiate from Serpulina pilosocoli and S. innocens 6 Strains of S. hyos. Hemolysin and enterotoxin Treatment of Swine Dysentery
Tiamulin Mecadox Lincomycin Virginiamycin NOT dimetridazole Injection of lincocin for sick pigs Drug delayed-enhanced forms of disease
Control of swine dysentery Rodent, dog, bird, cat, human control essential Blitz treat (metaphylaxis) herd 30 days Shampoo pigs and disinfect with 0.5% Clorox Move to new pen Fumigate or quaternary ammonium disinfectants Pallor Gastric ulcers
Feeder pigs and boars Cause unknown Coffee grounds vomitus Scant road ashpalt stool Pallor, and depression Characteristic blood loss
hemogram Stool Intestinal Obstructions Peach pits Skewers Sofa cushion Tar paper Christmas wrapping Dead babies Signs of obstructions
Colic Lethargy Obstipation Vomition Anorexia Tachycardia
