Balancing Reactions

Matter Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space. All matter is made of atoms. p+ Atom: the simplest form of matter, made of protons (p+), neutrons (n0), and electrons (e-). When the # p+ = # e- the

atom is electrically neutral. If e- move, it can create an imbalance of charge, causing static electricity. e- n0 Static Electricity Static electricity: a charge imbalance that

results in the build up of excess electric charge on an object. When objects with loosely held e- build up on the surface. Shock results when the charge is neutralized. Examples? Charge Rules

Opposites charges attract Like charges repel Law of Conservation of Charge: charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred; net electric charge is always constant. Electric Field Electric Field: area surrounding charged

particles/objects within which a force can be exerted on other charged particles/objects. Allows charges to act at a distance. The field can move the charges around an object near it. Charged particles placed in the electric field will be pushed or pulled by the force exerted by the field. Detecting Charge Electroscope: tool used to

detect the presence and magnitude of an electric charge. Materials Some materials transfer electric charge well, and others do not. Conductors: materials that allow e- to flow easily; readily conduct electric charge. Ex. Metals (especially

copper in wires) and skin Insulators: materials that block the flow of ethrough them. Ex. Plastic, wood, air, rubber, and glass The inside of wires tend to be metal to conduct the flow of electric charge, whereas the outside is rubber or plastic to insulate us from being shocked by

the charge. Transfer of Charge Can be transferred 3 ways. 1. Conduction: transfer of electrons through direct contact between objects. e- from one object move to another object.

Object must be a conductor to transfer the charge. Transfer of Charge Can be transferred 3 ways. 2. Friction: transfer of electrons through rubbing objects. Ex. Socks rubbing on carpet, then touching

your sibling and shocking them. Transfer of Charge Can be transferred 3 ways. 3. Induction: transfer of electrons through electric fields working over a distance. Charged object is brought near a neutral object,

causing polarization and inducing a charge on the neutral object. Static Discharge Static Discharge: the sudden flow of electric charge between two charged objects, due to a build up of static electricity. Ex. Lightning Static Discharge

Movement of clouds and air currents causes a buildup of static electricity in clouds. When e- buildup becomes great enough, a positive charge is induced on Earth. Eventually attraction is so great that the e- travel from the clouds to Earth to neutralize the charge imbalance.

Removing Charge Grounding: process of removing excess charge on an object by transferring e- to another object to neutralize the electrical imbalance. Redirects charge to the ground rather than a building.